为解决压电直线作动器在受到拉力和压力负载时的驱动问题, 本文提出了一种双向压电直线作动器。该作动器主要采用双向螺旋箝位原理, 实现双向大推力作动。结构上, 将两个压电叠堆对称布局, 梯形丝杠螺母组成螺旋箝位, 匹配二者驱动时序实现压力和拉力下的驱动。为研究双向尺蠖驱动机理, 设计了双向螺旋箝位机构和作动器总体结构; 而螺旋箝位作为尺蠖驱动的关键因素, 为了准确地表达箝位的可靠性, 研究了力矩电机与柔性联轴器及压电叠堆的匹配关系, 并通过ANSYS软件对箝位功能进行了仿真分析。设计加工的样机机身总长为233 mm, 最大外径为63 mm, 质量为1.1 kg。搭建样机的测试系统, 试验表明: 该作动器的最大输出力可达190 N, 最高速度可达2.58 mm/s, 行程为60 mm。

A bidirectional piezoelectric linear actuator was proposed to solve the issue of the piezoelectric linear actuator being incapable of functioning under tension and pressure load. The actuator mainly adopted the principle of the two-way screw clamping to realize two-way large-thrust actuation. Structurally, the two piezoelectric stacks were symmetrically arranged, and the trapezoidal screw nut constituted a screw clamp. By matching the driving timing of the piezoelectric stack and screw clamp, the actuator could achieve driving under pressure and tension. To study the driving mechanism of the two-way inchworm, the bidirectional screw clamping mechanism and the overall structure of the actuator were designed. The screw clamp was the key factor in the driving of inchworm. To accurately express the reliability of the clamp, the matching relationship of the torque motor with the flexible coupling and piezoelectric stack was studied. The clamping function was simulated and analyzed by ANSYS software. The total length of the prototype is 233 mm. The maximum diameter is 63 mm, and the weight is 1.1 kg. An experimental test system of the prototype was built. According to the testing results, the maximum output force of the actuator can reach 190 N, while the maximum speed is 2.58 mm/s, with a stroke range of 60 mm.