非可见光成像是光学成像领域中的难题之一。单像素成像作为一种新型的计算成像技术, 利用空间光调制技术, 可实现只使用一个无空间分辨能力的单像素探测器获取物体的空间信息。因此单像素成像是解决传统成像在非可见光波段成像难题的潜在解决方案之一。近年, 傅里叶单像素成像技术被证明是一种可以兼得高成像质量和高成像效率的单像素成像技术。自2015年被提出至今, 傅里叶单像素成像已经从二维成像推广到三维成像、从灰度成像推广到彩色成像、从静态成像推广到动态成像、从单模态成像推广到多模态成像、从宏观成像推广到显微成像, 发展出一系列的成像技术。对傅里叶单像素成像技术的基本原理、与之相关的成像技术和应用进行了综述, 并讨论了现存的一些关键问题以及今后可能的研究方向。

Imaging at non-visible wavebands is one of the challenges in optical imaging. As a novel computational imaging technique, single-pixel imaging based on spatial light modulation is able to obtain spatial information of object via a non-spatially-resolving detector. Thus, single-pixel imaging technique is a potential approach to the challenge of imaging at non-visible wavebands. In recent years, Fourier single-pixel imaging is demonstrated to be able to offer high-quality and high-efficiency image acquisition. Since proposed in 2015, Fourier single-pixel imaging technique has been extended a series of techniques ranging from two-dimensional imaging to three-dimensional imaging, from mono-chromatic imaging to true-color imaging, from static imaging to dynamic imaging, from single-modality imaging to multi-modality imaging, and from photography to microscopy. The principle and related applications of Fourier single-pixel imaging were reviewed. Some challenging problems and prospects of the technique were also discussed.