针对变体飞行器变形机翼气动外形监测需求, 提出一种植入式柔性复合蒙皮形状光纤传感方法。通过将光纤光栅传感器植入硅胶薄层, 并与聚氯乙烯薄片组成复合蒙皮。建立柔性蒙皮形状传感系统, 采用光纤传感解调系统, 实验测得不同翼型下柔性蒙皮中光纤光栅反射谱特征及其变化规律; 计算出柔性蒙皮弯曲曲率, 并重建出柔性蒙皮变形三维形状; 采用数字摄影测量系统完成对比测试。研究结果表明: 柔性复合蒙皮变形光纤传感测量与数字摄影测试误差小于4.62%, 光纤传感灵敏度达到245.5 pm/m-1。验证了植入式光纤传感方法的有效性, 为变体飞行器变形机翼气动外形监测提供了参考。

To meet the demand for monitoring the morphing wing aerodynamic shape of morphing aircraft, a flexible composite skin embedded optical fiber shape sensing method for variant aircraft was proposed. The fiber Bragg grating sensor was embedded into the thin layer of silicone rubber, then combining the silicone rubber layer with polyvinyl chloride sheet to form composite skin. The flexible skin shape sensing system was established, and the optical fiber sensing demodulation system was used to test the reflection spectrum characteristics of the fiber Bragg grating in the flexible skin under different airfoil. The morphing curvature of the flexible skin was calculated and the three-dimensional shape of the flexible skin was reconstructed. The contrast test was completed by the digital photogrammetry system. The results show that the measurement error of flexible composite skin deformation optical fiber sensing compared with digital photography is less than 4.62%, and the sensitivity of optical fiber sensing reaches 245.5 pm/m-1. The effectiveness of the embedded fiber sensing method is verified, which provides a reference for monitoring the morphing wing aerodynamic shape of the morphing aircraft.