针对小型无人机载大视场光学成像观测需求, 设计了一款仿生复眼大视场微小型相机.该相机光学系统总焦距为4 mm, F数为4, 视场角可达106°, 在500 m的飞行高度分辨率可达0.5 m.所设计系统由曲面排布的微透镜阵列、光学像面变换子系统、图像接收和数据采集处理单元三部分组成.仿生复眼中的子透镜采用双胶合透镜组合以减小系统像差, 相邻子透镜在满足视场一定重叠率的前提下, 可允许相邻多达7个子透镜同时对地面目标进行成像, 达到目标定位和测速的目的.仿真结果表明无人机载大视场复眼相机系统在给定的公差范围内像质满足要求, 每个通道的光学畸变可控制在1.2%以下.

A large field of view Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) camera imaging system, named curved compound eye camera for the small UAV, was designed. The system consists of three subsystems, a cured microlens arrays, an optical transformation subsystem, and a data processing unit with image sensors. The designed compound camera has a focal length of 4 mm, a F number of 4, and a field of view is 106°, which makes it can resolve the ground target with a feature size of 0.5 m at an altitude of 500 m. In the design, lenslets with a doublet form were used in curved compound eye to eliminate the optical abberations. Since there is an overlap in field of view for neighboring lenslets, lenslets as much as of 7 can view the same target at the same time from different view angles, which allows the object location and speed measurement. The simulation results show that the image quality of the entire compound eye camera system meets the requirements with an acceptable tolerance, and the maximum optical distortion can be controlled under 1.2%.