低空风效应是指在特定的风况条件下,机场建筑物或其他位于跑道附近的人工结构对气流 造成显著扰动的现象,该效应易引起湍流甚至是出现风切变,进而给飞机的升降过程带来困难。 采用计算流体动力学(Computational fluid dynamics, CFD)方法对首都机场进行风场模拟, 并基于CFD在输入风速设置上的局限性,提出一种将高精度、高分辨率的激光雷达测风数据 导入CFD的方法,来研究这些地物对首都机场风速的影响。通过对模拟结果的分析,在风速 为11～15 m/s的西北风条件下的东跑道以及在同等风速的东南风条件下的西跑道与中间跑道均受到较大影响。

The low-level wind effect refers to the phenomenon that the airport structure or other artificial structures located near the runway cause significant disturbance to the airflow under certain wind conditions. This effect is likely to cause turbulence or even wind shear, and bring difficulties to the aircrafts’ takeoff and landing. The computational fluid dynamics(CFD) method was adopted to simulate the wind field at Capital Airport, Beijing, China. To overcome the limitation of CFD in the setting of input wind speed, high-precision and high-resolution data measured by lidar were introduced into CFD as input condition to investigate the influence of buildings and artificial structures on wind speed at Capital Airport. The simulation results show that when the wind speed of 11～15 m/s under northwest wind condition was applied, the air flow near east runway was influenced significantly. The same situation happened in the west runway and the middle runway under the south wind condition with the same wind speed.