光学相干层析成像(OCT)由于具有微米级高分辨率、非接触式成像以及瞬时性等特点, 成为临床医学领域的研究热点, 近些年得到迅速的发展, 取得诸多进展与突破。本文简述了OCT技术在眼科医学中的各类应用及发展现状, 分类讨论了OCT图像在空域和频域中的降噪方法, 并重点总结了OCT眼前节和视网膜图像中各层组织的精确定位分层方法。其中深入分析了基于灰度值搜索方法、活动轮廓模型、图论和模式识别等分层方法, 并针对现有分层方法的优缺点以及存在的问题展开深入讨论, 提出相应的解决方法和优化方案。对眼科相关疾病的临床诊断指标分析评价, 根据眼科临床医学需求和OCT图像处理现状, 对未来OCT图像处理的发展趋势和发展水平做进一步讨论和分析。

Optical coherence tomography(OCT) has become a hot research topic in the field of clinical medicine due to its features including micron-level high resolution, non-invasive imaging and instantaneity, which has developed rapidly and made much progress and break throughs in recent years. In this paper we briefly review the applications of OCT in ophthalmology, discuss the methods of speckle noise reduction in the spatial and frequency domains of OCT images, and summarize the precise positioning and stratification method of each layer of tissue in the OCT anterior segment and retina image. The advantages and disadvantages of the segmentation methods based on gray value search, active contour model, graph and pattern recognition algorithms are analyzed and compared. In addition, the existing problems with segmentation methods are discussed and the corresponding solutions and feasible optimization schemes are proposed. Analysis and evaluation of clinical diagnostic indicators of ophthalmic diseases are discussed. According to the needs in ophthalmology and the current status of OCT image processing, the development trends and level of OCT image processing are discussed and analyzed.