地基光学成像是对空间目标进行探测识别的重要手段。本文分析了近十几年间建立的用于天文观测的巨型望远镜设备不能对地球同步轨道(Geostationary Earth Orbit,GEO)目标进行高分辨率观测的主要原因: 除大气湍流对成像质量的影响和分辨率的限制外, 还有GEO目标尺寸和目标亮度昏暗问题。因此需要引入非传统成像技术解决上述问题。 本文研究了几种采用激光照明的非传统光学成像方法, 具体分析论证了稀疏孔径成像、强度相关成像、剪切光束成像和傅立叶望远术等光学成像技术, 阐述了各成像技术的优势与局限性, 分析了几种方法对GEO暗弱目标高分辨率成像的应用前景。

Ground-based optical imaging is an important method for detecting and identifying space objects. The main reasons that the giant telescopes for astronomical observation established in the last decade cannot be used for high-resolution observation of GEO objects are analyzed. It is necessary to utilize unconventional imaging technology to solve image degradation due to GEO objects′ small size, low-reflection and atmospheric turbulence. We have researched several new methods of unconventional optical imaging using laser illumination. The optical imaging techniques such as sparse aperture imaging, imaging correlography, Sheared-beam imaging and Fourier telescopy are analyzed and demonstrated. The advantages and limitations of each technique are discussed. The applications of high-resolution imaging for dim GEO objects are prospected.