为了更好地对大口径光学系统进行误差分析、分配, 本文在美国TMT主镜团队所提出的“标准化点源敏感性”的基础上, 研究了大口径合成孔径望远镜各项误差的特性及其分配。首先, 对“标准化点源敏感性”的基本性质进行了研究, 论述了其作为大口径合成孔径望远镜全频域评价指标的优越性; 之后, 分析了不同误差源对合成孔径望远镜“标准化点源敏感性”的影响, 以及在不同评价尺度下对应的标准化点源敏感性; 最后, 利用标准化点源敏感性与斜率均方根之间的关系, 针对合成孔径望远镜子镜间相对位置误差存在封闭性的特点, 提出了基于“Brownian Bridge”过程与“标准化点源敏感性”的误差模型。本文的工作对于类似的大口径系统设计与检测也有着一定指导意义。

To carry out the error analysis and allocation for large optical systems, on the basis of the “normalized Point Source Sensitivity”(PSSn) proposed by the TMT primary mirror team, the characteristics and distribution of errors of large sparse aperture telescopes were investigated. Firstly, the basic properties of PSSn was studied and its advantages as an all-frequency domain evaluation metric of large sparse aperture telescopes was discussed. After that, the influence of different error sources on large sparse aperture telescopes was analyzed using PSSn. PSSn at different evaluation scales was analyzed. Finally, based on the relationship between the PSSn and slope root mean square, an error model using the “Brownian Bridge” walk and PSSn was proposed, considering the closure characteristics of the position error between the mirrors. The work has guiding significance for the design and testing of a similar large telescope system.