由于机加工零部件其边缘一般都会产生毛刺, 影响到零件的使用。为实现零件毛刺的去除, 采用波长为1 064 nm, 脉宽为200 ns的800 w光纤激光器对6系列铝合金边缘进行了激光去毛刺工艺试验。激光切割就是将激光束照射到工件时释放的能量来使照射面融化并蒸发, 以实现对工件切割, 可利用这一特性对零件大毛刺进行切割。其次可通过改变激光光斑大小来降低能量密度, 使照射面只熔化不蒸发, 实现熔融圆角。基于以上两点, 对铝合金零件进行去毛刺效果实验研究。研究了激光功率、扫描速度、扫描次数和离焦量等参数对去毛刺质量的影响以及各参数的影响权重, 并求得最佳工艺参数为激光功率 560 W, 扫描速度50 mm/s, 焦点位置3 mm和激光功率640 W, 扫描速度60 mm/s, 焦点位置3 mm。可以去除零件毛刺, 且实现融化圆角。

The edges of machined parts usually produce burrs, which affect the use of parts. In order to remove burrs from parts, a 800 W fiber laser with a wavelength of 1 064 nm and a pulse width of 200 ns was used to deburr the edges of six series of aluminium alloys. Laser cutting is to melt and evaporate the irradiated surface by the energy released when the laser beam irradiates the workpiece, so as to cut the workpiece. This characteristic can be used to cut the big burr of the workpiece. Secondly, the energy density can be reduced by changing the size of laser spot, so that the irradiation surface can only melt without evaporation, and the melting fillet can be realized. Based on the above two points, the deburring effect of aluminium alloy parts was experimentally studied. The influence of laser power, scanning speed, scanning times and defocusing amount on deburring quality and the weight of each parameter are studied. The optimum parameters are obtained as follows: laser power 560 W, scanning speed 50 mm/s, focal position 3mm and laser power 640 W, scanning speed 60 mm/s and focal position 3 mm. It can remove parts burrs and melt round corners.