光学学报, 2020, 40 (19): 1904002, 网络出版: 2020-09-29  

西藏晴天太阳红斑紫外线观测研究 下载: 964次

Observation of Solar Erythemal Ultraviolet Radiation on Clear Days in Tibet
作者单位
西藏大学太阳紫外线实验室, 西藏 拉萨 850012
摘要
过量的太阳紫外线会造成人体皮肤红斑现象,甚至可引起皮肤癌症。利用国际通用的太阳紫外线观测仪和光谱仪,在2014年1月至2018年12月期间对西藏珠峰地区(定日)、拉萨和林芝的晴天太阳红斑紫外线和紫外线光谱进行了实地观测研究。观测了拉萨春分点附近、秋分点附近、冬至和夏至的正午太阳紫外线光谱特征,发现波长小于300 nm的太阳紫外线几乎全部被大气层吸收,不会到达西藏地面。通过分析西藏晴天太阳红斑紫外线的剂量,发现只有紫外线B能引起人体皮肤红斑现象。实地观测数据表明,西藏晴天太阳红斑紫外线的剂量率随当日时间的变化呈典型的抛物线状,并且由于太阳高度角的增加,晴天太阳红斑紫外线的最大剂量率平均出现时间为当地正午前后约10 min。在理论上,从冬至起西藏晴天太阳红斑紫外线强度逐日升高,夏至或夏至附近达到最高值,但是由于西藏夏季晴天少,西藏晴天太阳红斑紫外线强度峰值实际上出现在3月底。研究发现,在冬至到夏至变化区间,珠峰地区(定日)、拉萨和林芝的晴天太阳红斑紫外线当日最大剂量率分别为113.40~343.10 mW·m -2, 85.26~344.2 mW·m -2和62.78~197.10 mW·m -2,而最大日总剂量分别为7181.00 J·m -2,7623.00 J· m -2和3994.00 J·m -2,这说明拉萨和珠峰地区(定日)的太阳紫外线使人体极易出现皮肤红斑现象。
Abstract
Excessive solar UV radiation can cause erythema on human skin and even skin cancers in severe cases. In this paper, we study the solar erythemal UV radiation and UV spectra in the Mount Everest region (Tingri), Lhasa, and Nyingchi of Tibet by using a NILU-UV irradiance meter and a RAMSES-ACC-UV spectrometer during the period from January 2014 to December 2018. In addition, we observe the characteristics of solar UV spectra in Lhasa at local noon near the vernal equinox and autumnal equinox and at the winter solstice and summer solstice. We figure out that almost all the solar UV radiation with wavelength less than 300 nm is absorbed by the atmosphere and can not reach the surface of Tibet. Based on the analysis of solar erythemal UV radiation doses on clear days measured in Tibet, we find that only UVB causes the human skin erythema. Moreover, the field observation data show that the dose rate of solar erythemal UV radiation on clear days in Tibet changes in a typical parabola shape with the time of the day. Moreover, the average occurrence time of the maximum dose rate is about 10 min around the local noon as the solar altitude angle increases. In theory, the solar erythemal UV radiation intensity on clear days rises day by day from the winter solstice and reaches the highest value at or near the summer solstice in Tibet. However, in fact, the peak intensity on clear days during the observation period generally appears at the end of March due to few clear days in the summer of Tibet. The research results disclose that the maximum dose rates of solar erythemal UV radiation on clear days in the Mount Everest region (Tingri), Lhasa, and Nyingchi during the observation period from the winter solstice to the summer solstice are 113.40--343.10 mW·m -2, 85.26--344.2 mW·m -2, and 62.78--197.10 mW·m -2, respectively, in contrast, the total maximum daily doses reach 7181.00 J·m -2, 7623.00 J·m -2, and 3994.00 J·m -2, respectively. These indicate that skin erythema is easily induced in Lhasa and the Mount Everest region (Tingri).

刘娟, 措加旺姆, 诺桑, 拉瓜登顿, 胡贵军, 王倩, 周毅, 泽西. 西藏晴天太阳红斑紫外线观测研究[J]. 光学学报, 2020, 40(19): 1904002. Juan Liu, Wangmu Tsoja, Gelsor Norsang, Dengdun Lagua, Guijun Hu, Qian Wang, Yi Zhou, Xi Ze. Observation of Solar Erythemal Ultraviolet Radiation on Clear Days in Tibet[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2020, 40(19): 1904002.

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