膜生物反应器（MBR）具有出水水质好, 占地面积小, 污泥产率低等优点, 但在系统运行过程中膜组件一旦破损将会直接影响系统的出水水质。 以荧光发射光谱响应作为技术手段, 研究了中空纤维膜生物反应器（HMBR）工艺中膜丝纤维破损率、 污泥浓度、 膜组件破损响应时间等指标对于膜完整性监测方法的影响。 结果表明, 采用中空纤维微滤膜组件的MBR处理能有效截留污水中的类蛋白质物质（C1）, 而对类富里酸物质（C2）, 类腐殖酸物质（C3）截留性能较差。 基于此, 提出主要以Ex/Em为230/335 nm的紫外区类色氨酸物质荧光峰作为检测指标, 以荧光截留变化指数（fi）作为膜组件完整性的判定方法； 以Ex/Em为330/415 nm的类腐殖酸荧光峰与紫外区类色氨酸物质荧光峰比值变化作为参比指示因子（Ri）, 用以指示系统检测结果的准确性。 针对最低检测精度θ, 发现MBR内污泥浓度对于膜组件破损的基准判定存在影响。 不同污泥浓度的MBR-1池至MBR-5池荧光截留变化指数fi分别为12.4%, 3.7%, 13.9%, 15.9%和15.8%, 参比指示因子Ri分别为1.87, 1.92, 1.35, 2.19和2.69均大于最低检测精度下的指示因子Rθ, 可有效反映膜组件破损情况。 随着膜组件中膜纤维破损根数的增加, 荧光截留变化指数fi随之增加, 并且在膜组件运行时可快速识别破损信息, 响应速度快。 同时发现随着MBR运行时间的延长, 污泥会通过膜组件破损处进入膜丝形成堵塞, 出现自修复现象。 破损后运行约80 min, 除紫外区类色氨酸的泄漏的信号响应外, 荧光强度趋于稳定。 对比实验发现荧光截留变化指数fi与颗粒计数器检测结果基本一致。 因此, 基于荧光光谱响应的发射光谱扫描技术检测MBR中膜组件的完整性在响应时间、 反馈精度上表现出良好的性能, 且操作方便快捷, 对于检测水样的预处理要求低, 能够实现对大型MBR系统众多组件的分散式检测, 具有良好的实用性。

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) has the advantages of good effluent quality, small footprint and low sludge yield. However, once the membrane module is easy to be damaged during system operation, it will directly affect the effluent quality. In this study, the fluorescence emission spectral response was used as a technology to discuss the effects of hollow fiber membrane breakage rate, sludge concentration and breakage response time on membrane integrity monitoring in hollow fiber membrane bioreactor (MBR). The results showed that the MBR with hollow fiber membrane can retain the protein-like components (C1) in the sewage effectively, while the fulvic-like components (C2) and humic-like component (C3) have poor interception performance. Based on the experiment results, a fluorescent component of the ultraviolet region-like tryptophan component with peaks（Ex 230 nm/Em 335 nm）was used as the detection index, the fluorescence interception change index （fi） was used as the determination method, and the humic-like component with peaks（Ex 330 nm/Em 415 nm）was used as a reference index. Under the minimum detection accuracy θ, we found that the sludge concentration in the bioreactor had an important influence on the membrane breakage. The fi in different sludge concentrations from MBR-1 to MBR-5 were 12.4%, 3.7%, 13.9%, 15.9%, and 15.8%. The reference indicator factors (Ri) were 1.87, 1.92, 1.35, 2.19, and 2.69, which are all morethan the indication factor Rθ under the lowest detection accuracy. The fi can reflect the breakage of the membrane module effectively. As the number of broken fiber increases, the fi increases gradually. It is also found that the membrane modules have self-repairing ability due to the foulantblockage with system running. Thesludge would enter the membrane lumen through the damaged portion of the membrane module. Base on the valid detection of ultraviolet region-like tryptophan component, fluorescence will become stable after about 80 minutes of operation. The fi is satisfied tallies with the particle counter detection results. The system can identify the breakage information with very short response speed. The emission spectrum scanning based on the fluorescence spectral response can test the integrity of the membrane module, which is convenient, quick, and good practicability. Moreover, it can achieve the distributed detection in every membrane module.