为了研究波前像差对超短飞秒激光脉冲聚焦特性的影响, 基于瑞利-索末菲标量衍射理论, 对比研究了在散焦、像散、慧差、三叶形像差以及球差等各类波前像差下, 均匀强度分布和高斯强度分布的超短飞秒激光脉冲的聚焦特性。结果表明, 波前像差对均匀强度分布的飞秒脉冲在焦平面处的光强分布具有明显的不利影响, 从而降低飞秒脉冲的聚焦峰值功率, 而对高斯强度分布的飞秒脉冲影响相对较小, 即在高斯强度分布下, 在焦平面处仍然有可能获得较好的、近衍射极限的聚焦光斑; 在非焦平面处, 即使初始脉冲具有高斯强度分布, 非焦平面处的光强分布受各类波前像差的影响也较为明显; 对于所研究的30fs（1/e2半宽度）超短脉冲, 波前像差对脉冲持续时间的影响几乎可以忽略。此研究结果对超短飞秒激光束的光束质量评估及聚焦特性分析具有实际的指导意义。

In order to study effect of wavefront aberration on focusing characteristics of ultrashort femtosecond laser pulses, based on Rayleigh-Sommerfeld scalar diffraction theory, focusing characteristics of ultrashort femtosecond laser pulses with uniform intensity distribution and Gaussian intensity distribution were compared and studied under different wavefront aberration, such as defocusing, astigmatism, coma aberration, trilobe aberration and spherical aberration. The results show that, wavefront aberration has an obvious adverse effect on intensity distribution of femtosecond pulses with uniform intensity distribution at the focal plane. The peak power of focusing femtosecond pulses is reduced. However, the influence of femtosecond pulses with Gaussian intensity distribution is relatively small. Under Gaussian intensity distribution, it is still possible to obtain better focusing spot near diffraction limit at focal plane. At the non-focal plane, even if the initial pulse has Gaussian intensity distribution, intensity distribution at the non-focal plane is also affected by various wavefront aberration. For 30fs (1/e2 half width) ultrashort pulse in this paper, the effect of wavefront aberration on pulse duration is almost negligible. The results are of practical significance for the evaluation of beam quality and the analysis of focusing characteristics of ultrashort femtosecond laser beams.