激光破岩技术是应用光学领域的重要研究方向，它是集合了多相态、多耦合、多尺度的复杂高温、高压物理与化学过程。为了厘清激光破岩研究中的核心难点，给研究者提供有效的理论参考和趋向信息，本文对激光破岩技术的研究概况进行了分析总结。首先明确了激光破岩机理；之后分别从石油井下作业用激光器、激光破岩影响因素、激光破岩的温度场相变传热、物理力学性质以及激光破岩应用可行性等方面对国内外激光破岩技术研究进行了总结分析，指出了现阶段所取得的创新成果和不足；最后阐明了激光破岩技术的优点和发展趋势。研究结果表明，激光破岩技术可在现场配套设施研发、多影响因素评价、多场耦合作用机制和井下适用性理论体系研究等方向着力突破。

Laser technology in rock removal is an important research direction in the field of applied optics. It is a complex, high-temperature and high-pressure physical and chemical process with multi-phase, multi-coupling and multi-scale applications. In order to clarify the core difficulties in laser-rock interaction research and to provide an effective theory reference and trend information for researchers, an overview of research on laser rock removal technology is summarized. Firstly, the mechanism of rock removal using lasers is clarified. Then, existing research of laser rock removal is summarized and analyzed from different perspectives, including laser equipment for petroleum drilling and completion, its influencing factors, the phase-change heat transfer of temperature fields, its physical and mechanical properties, and its feasibility in the oil and gas industry. Finally, the advantages of rock removal by laser technology compared with traditional drilling and completion methods are elaborated. In view of the existing problems in laser-rock interaction research, the future development trend of rock removal by laser technology is predicted. The research results show that rock removal by laser technology can lead to research breakthroughs in field-supporting facilities, multi-factor evaluation, multi-field coupling mechanisms and theoretical systems of underground applicability.