以316L不锈钢粉末为研究对象, 采用正交试验方法研究SLM激光快速成形过程中激光功率P、扫描速度v、扫描间距s、铺粉厚度h等工艺参数对成形件上表面和垂直面表面粗糙度的影响规律。实验结果表明: 在上表面, 激光功率和扫描速度对成形件表面粗糙度影响非常显著, 扫描间距对成形件表面粗糙度影响显著, 铺粉厚度对成形件表面粗糙度影响不显著, 各因素对成形件表面粗糙度的影响的重要性次序为激光功率、扫描速度、扫描间距、铺粉厚度, 最佳工艺参数组合为激光功率为220 W, 扫描速度800 mm/s, 扫描间距0.12 mm, 铺粉厚度0.03 mm; 在垂直表面, 各因素对成形件表面粗糙度的影响的重要性次序为激光功率、铺粉厚度、扫描速度、扫描间距, 四个因素对粗糙度影响均不显著。成形件垂直面的表面粗糙度明显大于上表面的表面粗糙度。

Taking 316L stainless steel powder as the research object, the effects of laser power, scanning speed, scanning spacing, powder thickness and other technological parameters on the surface roughness of the horizontal and vertical surfaces of the formed parts during SLM laser rapid prototyping were studied by orthogonal experiment. The experimental results show that the horizontal surface, laser power and scanning speed on forming a very significant effect on surface roughness, scanning spacing for forming a significant effect on surface roughness, spread powder thickness on forming a surface roughness effect was not significant, the impact of various factors on forming a surface roughness of the importance order of the laser power, scanning speed, scanning spacing, spread powder thickness, optimum technological parameters combination is laser power of 220 w, scanning speed of 800 mm/s, scanning spacing of 0.12 mm, with powder thickness of 0.03 mm; on the vertical surface, the order of importance of the influence of various factors, on the surface roughness of forming parts is laser power, powder thickness, powder scanning speed and scanning spacing the four factors have no significant influence on the roughness. The surface roughness of the vertical plane is obviously larger than that of the upper surface.