文章对布里渊光时域分析（BOTDA）分布式光纤传感系统中的偏振效应机理及受激布里渊散射的矢量模型分析进行了阐述。对目前国内外的研究现状，从受激布里渊散射效应中偏振相关布里渊增益谱分析、控制偏振态以及抑制偏振衰落技术等方面进行了详细介绍。布里渊光纤传感系统矢量建模分析和偏振态控制技术具有很好的研究前景，对未来研究中利用偏振态的敏感特性进行分布式传感光纤的温度、应变和振动信息测量及抑制偏振衰落来提高光纤传感系统空间分辨率都具有参考价值。

This paper describes the polarization effect mechanism and the vector model analysis of stimulated Brillouin scattering in Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis (BOTDA) distributed optical fiber sensing system. Based on current research development, we analyze the polarization-dependent Brillouin gain spectrum, and introduce the control of polarization state and the suppression of polarization fading technology in the stimulated Brillouin scattering effect. Among them, Brillouin fiber sensing system vector modeling analysis and polarization state control technology have a good research prospect. Our analysis has certain reference value in the aspects of using the sensitivity of the polarization state to measure the temperature, strain and vibration information of the distributed sensing fiber and the aspect of suppressing the polarization fading to improve the spatial resolution of the fiber sensing system.