比率型荧光传感器由于具有抗干扰能力强和灵敏度高等优点, 在食品安全、金属离子检测、环境污染分析等许多领域显示出巨大的应用潜力。而碳点作为一种新型荧光材料, 不仅具有优良的荧光性能, 而且毒性低、易于表面功能化, 非常适合构建比率型荧光传感器。本文就近年来比率型碳点荧光传感器在检测领域的研究进展进行综述, 重点阐述了碳点的荧光检测机理, 并根据碳点使用情况的不同, 对不同类型的比率型碳点荧光传感器进行了分类总结。最后提出了该领域亟待解决的困难和问题, 并对其在分析物检测方面的发展方向进行了展望。

Ratiometric fluorescence sensors have shown great application potential in fields of food safety, metal ion detection, environmental pollution analysis, etc, due to its strong anti-interference ability and high sensitivity. As a new fluorescent material, carbon dots (CDs) have excellent photoluminescence property and low toxicity and the surface is easy to be functionalized, which have become a good choice to build ratiometic fluorescent sensor. In this paper, the recent research progresses of CDs-based ratiometric fluorescence sensor in the detection field are reviewed, and the fluorescence mechanism of carbon dots is mainly outlined. The CDs-based ratiometric fluorescence sensors are classified and summarized based on different applications of carbon dots. Finally, the difficulties and problems to be overcome in this field are put forward, and the development direction of the application of CDs-based ratiometric fluorescence sensor for analytic detection is prospected.