激光雷达可精确采集目标的距离和速度信息, 并可实现目标探测与成像, 因此在智能交通、无人机避障、智慧家庭、卫星测绘与导航等领域具有重要的应用前景。首先介绍了激光探测的基本原理、主流技术方案以及研究必要性；其次, 针对激光雷达固态化和小型化集成的应用需求, 介绍了国际上光学相控阵激光雷达、机械扫描激光雷达和闪光激光雷达的技术发展动态, 并阐述了我国激光雷达技术、产品和商业发展现状；最后提出了激光雷达技术面临的挑战以及可能的解决方案, 并对其发展趋势进行了展望。

Lidar can accurately collect the distance and speed information of the target, and can realize the target detection and imaging, so it has important application prospects in the fields of intelligent transportation, UAV obstacle avoidance, smart home, satellite mapping and navigation. Firstly, the basic principles, mainstream technical solutions and research necessity of laser detection are introduced. Secondly, according to the application requirements of solid-state and miniaturized integration of lidar, the technical development trends of international optical phased array lidar, mechanical scanning lidar and flash lidar are introduced. Meanwhile, the technical, product and commercial development status of lidar in China are expounded. Finally, the challenges and possible solutions of lidar technology are proposed, and its development trend is prospected.