为了解决不锈钢冷轧辊表层经常出现的疲劳剥落或磨损, 提升不锈钢冷轧辊表层硬度及耐磨性, 在大量实验基础上研究了工艺参数对不锈钢冷轧辊表面激光熔覆层力学性能的影响。采用激光熔覆正交实验对304不锈钢表面进行熔覆, 重点研究了激光功率、扫描速度、送粉速度和搭接率对熔覆层的影响, 取得了304不锈钢表层搭接理想熔覆层的工艺参数, 并对熔覆层的硬度和耐磨性能进行检测。结果表明, 激光功率为1 300 W、扫描速度为11 mm/s、送粉速度为1.4 r/min、搭接率为30%时熔覆层最高硬度高出基材硬度约500.00 HV0.2, 摩擦磨损实验表明熔覆层耐磨性能明显提高, 磨损104次熔覆层失重率仅为0.016 5%。激光熔覆技术在一定范围内可以大幅度提升基材的硬度及耐磨性能, 此实验结果可以为修复不锈钢冷轧辊提供工艺参考。

In order to solve the problem of fatigue spalling or wear on the surface of stainless steel cold roll and improve surface hardness and wear resistance, the effect of process parameters on the mechanical properties of laser cladding layer on the surface of stainless steel cold roll was studied based on a large number of experiments. The surface of 304 stainless steel was cladding by orthogonal experiment of laser cladding. The effects of laser power, scanning speed, powder feeding speed and lap ratio on cladding layer were studied. The process parameters of ideal cladding layer on 304 stainless steel surface were obtained, and the hardness and wear resistance of cladding layer were tested. The results show that when the laser power was 1 300 W, the scanning speed was 11 mm/s, the feeding speed was 1.4 r/min, and the lap rate was 30%, the maximum hardness of the cladding layer was about 500.00 HV0.2 higher than that of the substrate. Friction and wear experiments showed that the wear resistance of the cladding layer was significantly improved, and the weight loss rate of the 104 times of wear was only 0.016 5%. Laser cladding technology can greatly improve the hardness and wear resistance of the substrate in a certain range.