本文综述了极限性能哈勃太空望远镜(Hubble Space Telescope, HST)在轨微振动的研究进展, 说明了其指向测量与控制系统组成和特点, 同时给出了其关键技术指标, 有针对性地剖析了HST在高性能航天器微振动研究及指向控制技术等方面的先进技术和理念。阐述了HST反作用轮组件、太阳电池阵的扰动特点以及微振动引起光学元件抖动的现象, 在此基础上, 对现代航天器5种先进指向控制技术进行了总结, 包括基于降阶模型的控制、基于线性二次高斯的控制、解析和数值推导的H∞控制、协方差控制和双模干扰调节控制。HST微振动相关技术分析方法可为我国高分专项、深空探测、载人航天、引力波探测等涉及到的高性能航天器、毫角秒级敏感器以及空间站光学舱等高精度光学仪器的研制、地面试验和在轨干扰环境量化评估提供有益的借鉴。

The micro vibration study of the famous Hubble Space Telescope (HST), which is known for its superior in-orbit performance, was reviewed, the composition and characteristics of its pointing control system (PCS) were explained, and the key technical indexes were listed. The study analyzed the application of the advanced technology and concept of HST in the research of micro vibrations and high-performance PCS technology. The disturbance characteristics of the HST Reaction wheel assemblies (RWAs), Solar Array (SA), and the phenomenon of optical element jitter caused by micro vibrations were expounded, based on which five advanced pointing control technologies of modern spacecrafts were summarized, including Reduced-Order Model-Based Control Design, Linear Quadratic Gaussian-Based Controller Design, Analytically and Numerically Derived H∞ Controller Designs, Covariance Control Design, and Dual-Mode Disturbance-Accommodating Controller Design. The data gathered from this analysis and the experience can provide a valuable experience for high-performance spacecrafts that use RWA, CMG, SA, and other potential disturbance sources. The HST micro vibration technologies and analysis methods can provide effective references for the development of high-precision optical instruments, such as high-performance spacecrafts, millisecond optical sensors, and Guangxuecang of space station, ground test, and in-orbit interference environment quantitative assessment, which are involved in the Gaofeng project, Deep Space Exploration, Manned Spaceflight, and Gravitational Wave Detection in China.