根据Fizeau干涉型光纤水听器的相位变化量公式,计算声压场条件下随声压变化的水听器总相位变化量。通过仿真,定量分析了水听器水平与垂直姿态及深度因素对各个频率下的声压灵敏度的影响。利用振动液柱法进行光纤水听器的实验环境测试。结果表明,姿态与深度因素均会对最终测量结果造成较大影响,在40~2000 Hz频带内,与水平姿态时相比,水听器在垂直姿态时将有0.9 dB~18.2 dB的灵敏度差异,深度读取误差造成的灵敏度误差在4 dB内。由于垂直姿态下水听器各部分所感受的声压场不同,因而测量结果与水平姿态结果存在差异,在声压场测试环境中,水平校准结果比垂直校准结果更精确,且测量深度越深,校准结果越稳定。

This study calculates the total phase variation of a hydrophone with a changing acoustic pressure in the sound pressure field according to the phase variation formula of the optical fiber hydrophone based on the Fizeau interference. Then, the effects of the horizontal and vertical postures and the depth of hydrophone on the acoustic sensitivity of each frequency are quantitatively analyzed through simulation. Finally, we use the vibrating liquid column method to test the experimental environment of the optical fiber hydrophone. Results show that the posture and depth factors have great influences on the final measurement results. The vertical posture of hydrophones in the frequency band of 40--2000 Hz produce a sensitivity error of approximately 0.9 dB--18.2 dB, and the sensitivity error caused by depth read deviation is within 4 dB compared those of hydrophones with horizontal posture. Owing to the acoustic pressure field difference in vertical placement conditions of hydrophone, the measured results are different from the horizontal placement results. Horizontal calibration results are more accurate than vertical results in acoustic pressure field test environment, furthermore, the measurement depth is greater, and the calibration results are more stable.