太赫兹波辐射因具备特有的感测能力以及无创和非电离特性而备受关注。DNA分子间的振动模式(扭转、集体振动、氢键和骨架振动)大多处于太赫兹波段。相比红外波段,DNA在太赫兹波段表现出了很多独特的吸收特性。系统地分析了太赫兹时域光谱技术在DNA分子领域的研究进展,阐述了单个碱基、碱基对、DNA的鉴定与识别,以及它们的吸收光谱和振动模式;此外,还介绍了太赫兹波的生物安全性及其潜在应用;最后根据当前的研究现状,归纳了DNA分子在太赫兹光谱研究方面仍然存在的问题,为今后的相关研究提供参考。

Terahertz radiation has received considerable attention owing to its unique sensing ability and its noninvasive and nonionized properties. The intermolecular vibration modes of DNA (torsion, collective vibration, hydrogen bonding, and skeleton vibration) are mostly in terahertz band. DNA in the terahertz band has more unique absorption characteristics than that in the infrared band. The research progress of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) technology in the field of DNA is systematically analyzed. The identification of single base, basepair, DNA and their absorption spectrum and vibration modes are described. Furthermore, the biosafety and potential applications of terahertz band are described. Finally, in view of the current research situation, the existing problems are summarized, which will provide a reference for future research.