全息技术的应用使得三维显示发展迅速,给人们带来了无与伦比的视觉体验。全息图像、视频的计算和生成过程会产生庞大的数据,这给传输和存储带来了很大困难。为了满足3D显示的高清晰度和实时性要求,全息数据的压缩显得十分重要。由于全息图像与普通图像相比有着截然不同的特性,因此使用现有压缩技术难以达到最佳效果。介绍了全息压缩主要的技术问题,总结了全息数据压缩常用的度量,具体讨论了各国研究团体所提出的全息图像编码量化处理、变换系数化简、全息图国际标准格式优化和新型标准框架开发等前沿技术,并详述了它们各自的优劣,最后对于未来全息压缩技术研究的主要方向进行了展望。

The application of holographic technology has enabled three-dimensional (3D) displays to develop rapidly, providing users an unparalleled visual experience. The calculation and generation processes of holographic images and video generate a considerable amount of data, causing great difficulties for transmission and storage. To meet the high-definition and real-time requirements of 3D displays, the compression of holographic data is critical. Since holographic images have distinct characteristics than ordinary images, it is difficult to achieve optimal results using existing compression techniques. This study introduces the main technical challenges of holographic compression and summarizes the commonly used metrics for holographic data compression. The cutting-edge technologies proposed by national research groups related to holographic-image-coding-quantization processing, transform-coefficient simplification, optimization of the international standard hologram format, and development of a new standard framework are discussed in detail, and their respective advantages and disadvantages are detailed. Finally, a future direction for research on holographic-compression technology is proposed.