计算成像技术(CIT)是一类有别于传统光学成像“所见即所得”的信息获取和处理方式的新体制成像方式。随着新型光电器件的发展和硬件计算能力的提升,计算成像技术在光电成像领域呈现出蓬勃发展的趋势。计算成像技术通过对光场信息进行采集和计算,达到传统成像无法企及的信息利用率和解译度,满足“更高(分辨率)、更远(探测距离)、更大(光学视场)”的光电成像需求。从成像全链路的信息获取与丢失过程出发,通过透过散射介质成像、偏振成像及仿生成像等几种典型的计算成像方式对光场多物理量信息获取和解译进行分析,详细介绍了计算成像技术的方法原理及实现途径。根据成像技术的发展趋势,前瞻性地提出了计算光学系统设计和超大口径望远镜的设计思想。计算成像技术在提高成像分辨率、扩大探测距离、增大成像视场及减小光学系统体积和功耗等方面具有明显的优势,有望穿透云雾、活体生物组织等实现更远距离、更大深度的成像,应用前景广阔。

Computational imaging technology (CIT) refers to a novel imaging method that is different from the “what you see is what you get” information acquisition and processing methods of traditional optical imaging. With the development of new optoelectronic devices and the improvement of hardware computing capabilities, it has shown a booming trend in the field of optoelectronic imaging. By using CIT to obtain and calculate the information of light field, the information utilization and interpretation capability can be superior to traditional imaging, which can realize the requirements of “higher (resolution), farther (detection range), and larger (optical field of view)” of photoelectric imaging. We start from the description of information acquisition and loss process of the imaging chain, and further analyze the acquisition and interpretation of multi-physical information of light field through several typical computational imaging methods, such as scattering imaging, polarization imaging, and bionic imaging, and the principles of them are discussed in detail. According to the trend of imaging technology, we put forward prospectively the design idea of computational optical system based super large-aperture telescopes. Since CIT has significant advantages in improving imaging resolution, increasing detection distance, expanding imaging field of view, and reducing the size and power consumption of optical systems, it is expected to realize the imaging through the fog with longer distance and through biological tissues at a larger depth.