新兴的光动力抗菌疗法是一种无创激发式治疗手段,主要利用近红外光作为光源,激活富集在病灶部位的光敏剂并产生活性氧自由基,最终实现对目标病菌的杀伤。近年来,随着生物材料与纳米医学技术的发展,小分子光敏剂纳米功能化后其生物兼容性和生物安全性得到优化,量子产率和病灶部位富集率显著提升,在抗菌治疗方面有很大的临床应用前景。本文结合小分子光敏剂纳米化策略方法实例,综述了纳米技术在光动力抗菌疗法的应用和发展。

Antibacterial photodynamic therapy (APDT), which is a non-invasive treatment method, is based on the interaction between near-infrared light and a nontoxic photosensitizer concentrated at the lesion site to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). These species are highly cytotoxic in virtually all bacteria. With the development of biomaterials and nanotechnology, advances in nano-biotechnology have resulted in the optimization of biocompatibility and biosafety of small-molecule photosensitizers. The targeting ability has improved and the quantum yield under illumination has significantly increased. Nanotechnology exhibits excellent clinical application prospects with respect to antimicrobial therapy. In this review, recent applications and developments of APDT are summarized by combining various modification strategies and mechanisms for nanophotosensitizers.