¹³⁷Cs主要来源于核**试验和核电站产生的放射性废物, 具有高溶解度和高迁移率的特点, 因此从放射性废液中有效去除 ¹³⁷Cs是一项长期的挑战。本研究通过溶剂热法合成了一种二维层状阴离子骨架材料SZ-6, 并对其吸附性能进行了系统的研究。利用单晶衍射仪、X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜等对SZ-6的结构、形貌和稳定性进行了表征与测试。采用批实验研究了水溶液中Cs ⁺的吸附行为。结果表明: 在浓度为10 mg/L的Cs ⁺溶液中, SZ-6的吸附动力学可在5 min内达到平衡, 是目前去除Cs ⁺最快的吸附剂材料之一; SZ-6在pH4~12范围内表现出良好的去除能力; 在过量Na ⁺、K ⁺、Ca ²⁺竞争阳离子存在的情况下仍具有较好的选择性。

¹³⁷Cs is one of the most intractable β-emitters which is commonly generated from nuclear weapons test and nuclear power station. Due to the nature of high solubility and mobility, the effective sequestration of ¹³⁷Cs ⁺ from radioactive waste solution is considered as a long-term challenge. In this work, a two-dimensional layered anion framework material (SZ-6) was synthesized through conventional solvothermal reaction and the Cs ⁺ removal properties were systematically investigated. Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction (SCXRD) analysis revealed that SZ-6 adopts layer packed structure with large tetramethylammonium cations loaded between the layers which is greatly beneficial to cation exchange process. Powder X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) confirmed the material with high purity and excellent hydrolytic stability. Batch experiments were used to investigate the adsorption behavior towards Cs ⁺ in aqueous solutions. The adsorption kinetics of SZ-6 could be achieved within 5 min, which is currently one of the fastest sorbents for the removal of Cs ⁺. Meanwhile, SZ-6 exhibits superior decontamination capability over a wide pH range from 4 to 12. Furthermore, it possesses marked selectivity in the presence of large excess of Na ⁺, K ⁺, Ca ²⁺ competing cations.