在激光惯性约束聚变（ICF）研究中，通过X光高速摄影获取的图像数据能够反映等离子体中由于做功和能量输运导致的流体状态的时空演化信息，与之相关的诊断技术与工程研究一直以来都是ICF诊断能力建设的重要组成部分。介绍了作为我国ICF工程的主要实施单位之一，中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心近年来在X光高速摄影技术研究方面取得重要进展，包括：（1）面向神光系列激光装置，开发了系列工程化的100 ps曝光高速摄影相机，整体达到国际先进水平，并在高灵敏探测、透射式带通滤波和结构小型化等方面形成中国特色；（2）提出微扫描门控、同视扫描分幅等10 ps曝光X光高速摄影新技术，为突破时间分辨瓶颈做出有益尝试；（3）在国内率先开展抗辐射加固高速摄影相机理论设计、技术验证与工程设计；（4）针对激光聚变靶碎片对设备安全的威胁，在国内首次开展靶碎片的理论建模与仿真研究，并开展首次验证实验，取得重要进展。

In the study of laser driven inertial confinement fusion (ICF), the image data obtained through X-ray high-speed photography technology can be used to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution of the plasma with fluid state produced by work and energy transport. The research of X-ray high-speed photography technology has always been an important part of the development of ICF diagnostics. The Laser Fusion Research Center of China Academy of Engineering Physics has made important progresses in the research of X-ray high-speed photography technology in recent years. These advances include: (1) making a success in developing the X-ray camera with 100ps exposure time for Shenguang laser facilities, which has reached the international advanced level as a whole, and is characterised in such aspects as high sensitivity, transmission-type band-pass filtering and miniaturized design; (2) proposing new types of X-ray high-speed photography technologies with 10 ps exposure time such as the micro-sweep gating technology to break the bottleneck of temporal resolution; (3) taking the lead in carrying out theoretical design, technical verification and engineering design of the radiation-hardened X-ray high-speed camera in China; (4) making the efforts on modeling and simulation on target debris and carrying out the special experiments for the first time in China to verify the simulation results.