随着图像获取与传输便利性的不断提高以及图像编辑工具的快速普及,使得恶意用户能够容易拍摄、传播、编辑和修改数字图像,进而达到实施恶意行为或犯罪的目的,则数字图像或视频将成为侦查取证与司法诉讼的关键证据。由图像传感器制造工艺的缺陷和硅晶片的不均匀性引起的光照响应不一致性(PRNU)对于每个相机来说,具有唯一性和稳定性,因此可以将其作为图像来源取证的有效设备指纹。首先对包括设备指纹技术在内的数字图像取证技术进行整体性的回顾,并介绍设备指纹的主要应用情景;然后介绍图像中设备指纹提取的基本技术原理,对设备指纹的提取技术发展情况进行综述;最后对设备指纹提取技术亟待解决的问题与技术发展趋势进行探讨。

With the continuous improvement of the convenience of image acquisition and transmission and the rapid popularization of image editing tools, a malicious users can easily shoot, spread, edit and modify digital images to achieve the purpose of malicious behavior or crime. It becomes the key evidence for investigation and collection of evidence and judicial proceedings. The illumination response inconsistency (PRNU) causes by the defects of the image sensor manufacturing process and the unevenness of the silicon wafer is unique and stable for each camera, so it can be used as an effective device fingerprint for image source forensics. First, a comprehensive review of digital image forensics technologies including device fingerprint technology is conducted, and the main application scenarios of device fingerprints are introduced. Then, the basic technical principles of device fingerprint extraction in images is introduced, and the development of device fingerprint extraction technology is summarized. Finally, the problems to be solved and the technology development trend of the device fingerprint extraction technology are discussed.