水热碳吸附材料具有制备工艺简单、合成条件温和、表面易改性等优点。本研究以可溶性淀粉为碳源, 在硝酸铈铵催化作用下, 将丙烯腈开环接枝到淀粉分子上, 通过水热反应和盐酸羟胺还原制备偕胺肟化水热碳(AO-HTC)。结合静态和动态吸附实验, 重点研究了溶液pH、碳酸根和钙离子浓度对AO-HTC吸附铀性能的影响, 通过Thomas和Yoon-Nelson模型探究AO-HTC吸附铀的动态过程。结果表明: 随着pH、碳酸根浓度和钙浓度的增加, AO-HTC吸附铀的容量逐渐降低; 掺杂5wt%AO-HTC土壤柱的穿透点和饱和点体积也随之减小。与纯土壤柱相比, 掺杂5wt%AO-HTC土壤柱的最大吸附容量(q_o)和吸附质穿透50%所需的时间(τ)增大了数倍。由此可见, AO-HTC是一种性能优异的可渗透性反应墙(PRB)介质, 有望用于修复铀污染土壤和地下水。

Hydrothermal carbon adsorption materials possess the advantages of simple preparation process, mild synthesis conditions and easy surface modification. In this UO₂²⁺speciation as a function of CO₃^2- concentration, soluble starch used as carbon source, acrylonitrile was grafted onto starch molecule through ring opening under the catalysis of cerium ammonium nitrate. Subsequently, amidoxime hydrothermal carbon spheres (AO-HTC) were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal reaction and hydroxylamine hydrochloride reduction. Meanwhile, static and dynamic adsorption experiments were performed to investigate the effects of solution pH, carbonate and calcium ion concentration on the adsorption performance of AO-HTC for uranium. And the dynamic adsorption process of AO-HTC for uranium was also studied by Yoon-Nelson and Thomas models. The results show that the adsorption capacity of AO-HTC, the volume of penetration point as well as saturation point in the penetration curve also decreases gradually with the increase of pH, carbonate concentration and calcium concentration. The maximum adsorption capacity (q_o) and the required time (τ) of adsorbate through 50% of 5% AO-HTC column are several times higher than that of pure soil column. Therefore, the research highlights that AO-HTC would act as an excellent permeable-reactive barriers (PRB) medium and expected to remediate uranium-contaminated soil and groundwater.