作为航天器电源系统的重要组成部分，太阳电池需要更高的转换效率和可靠性以及更长的使用寿命。通过在太阳电池表面覆盖抗辐照玻璃盖片，可以增强太阳电池对粒子辐射的防护，延长太阳电池的服役寿命，使航天器获得可靠的能源供应。硼硅酸盐玻璃就是一种理想的太阳电池玻璃盖片材料。采用蒙特卡罗方法，结合SRIM软件模拟研究质子辐照硼硅酸盐玻璃的损伤物理机理。基于粒子与物质相互作用的理论以及基本公式，通过分析不同入射能量的质子在硼硅酸盐玻璃中的阻止本领、电离能损、位移能损、空位的产生情况，对辐照损伤的物理机制进行研究。结果表明：能量为30～120 keV的质子辐照损伤主要发生在硼硅酸盐玻璃表面；质子沉积、空位分布等均为Bragg峰型分布；电离能损是能量损失的主要部分，随入射能量的增加而增大，导致电子的电离和激发；位移能损在玻璃内部随能量降低而增大，导致硼、氧和硅等空位缺陷的产生；电离效应和缺陷的产生是硼硅酸盐玻璃色心形成的重要原因。

As an important part of the spacecraft power system, solar cells require high conversion efficiency and reliability and a longer service life. By using an anti-irradiation glass coverslip, the protection of the solar cell against particle radiation can be enhanced, the service life of the solar cell can be prolonged, and the spacecraft can obtain a reliable energy supply. Borosilicate glass is an ideal glass cover material for solar cells. In this paper, Monte Carlo method is combined with SRIM software to study the physical mechanism of damage of proton irradiated borosilicate glass. Combining the theory of particles-matters interaction with the basic formula, based on analyzing the stopping power, ionization energy loss and displacement energy loss of protons in different borosilicate glass, and the generation of vacancies, the physical mechanism of the damage was analyzed. The results show that the proton irradiation damage with energy of 30?120 keV mainly occurs on the surface of borosilicate glass; proton deposition and vacancies distribution follow the Bragg curve; ionization energy loss is the main part of energy loss, which increases with the increase of incident energy, leading to ionization and excitation of electrons; displacement energy loss increases with the decrease of energy in the glass, which leads to the vacancy defects of boron, oxygen and silicon. Ionization effect and defects are important reasons for the formation of color center in borosilicate glass.