合成孔径激光雷达(SAL)可在大前斜视角条件下以较小的光学孔径,对远距离目标进行高分辨率、高数据率成像,是光学成像探测的一种重要形式。对口径为100 mm、作用距离为20 km、分辨率为0.05 m的SAL的工作模式、系统方案、指标参数和关键技术进行分析,并提出与设备整流罩共形的衍射光学系统概念,有利于减少气动影响和设备的体积、质量。借助微波相控阵天线模型,研究基于频率扫描变化的激光波束展宽和一维波束扫描方法,给出相关波束方向图的仿真结果。结果表明,基于曲面共形衍射光学系统的SAL成像探测技术具有可行性。

Synthetic aperture lidar (SAL) can obtain high-resolution and high-data-rate images for remote target with small optical aperture under large forward squint angle condition. Thus, SAL can be an important mode of optic imaging detection. In this study, the working mode, system scheme, performance parameters, and key technologies of SAL with 100 mm diameter, 20 km detection range, and 0.05 m resolution are analyzed. A concept of a diffractive optical system conforming to the dome is proposed to reduce the aerodynamic influence and volume and weight of the equipment. The laser beam broadening and one-dimensional beam scanning method based on frequency scanning change is studied, and the beam pattern simulation results are presented by using the model of microwave phased array antenna. The results show that the SAL imaging detection technology based on curved-conformal diffractive optical system is feasible.