实验室天体物理是交叉于高能量密度等离子体物理学与天体物理学之间的一个新的学科生长点。利用强激光装置可以在实验室创造与某些天体或天体周围相似的极端物理环境，这样的实验条件前所未有，且与天体物理中诸多重要的物理现象直接对应。通过近距、主动、参数可控的研究，实验室天体物理有助于解决目前天体物理和等离子体物理中的一些关键的、共性的问题，并有望取得突破性成果。针对近年来国内外在该领域取得的最新研究进展进行介绍，并就将来可能开展的研究方向进行展望。

Laboratory astrophysics came into being with the advent of modern high-energy density physics research devices that can be used to create extreme physical conditions in the laboratory similar to those of certain celestial bodies or their surroundings, such as high-power lasers or pinch devices to generate extreme astrophysical plasma conditions. Such experimental conditions are unprecedented and correspond directly to many important and critical physical phenomena in astrophysics. They enable people to study the problems with astrophysical background in the laboratory in a close, active and controllable way. This paper introduces the latest progress in this field in recent years, and presents perspectives on future research directions.