林业测量调查是星载激光遥感的重要应用方向。迄今为止，国外发展了多台套的星载激光载荷已经用于林业遥感。国内资源三号（02）星搭载的激光测距仪实验载荷实现了我国星载激光对地观测的突破，即将发射的陆地生态系统碳监测卫星多波束激光雷达也将在林业遥感中取得重要应用。ICESAT-1/GLAS系统全波形数据成功用于全球林地垂直结构调查，ICESAT-2/ATLAS系统以光子探测的方式获取林地点云调查数据，星载激光遥感林业应用从实验、演示验证、进入实用阶段。这期间多型星载激光雷达经过了技术体制的选择、参数的优化，器件技术和处理技术的突破。本文综述了主要在轨服务林业遥感的星载激光雷达的配置和数据应用，研究了星载激光雷达林业遥感的探测机制、技术体制、应用现状、适用范围等，分析总结了各类星载激光雷达林业应用技术特点、发展演化趋势，提出星载激光雷达载荷研制应根据任务应用需求、科学和工程目标，充分发挥激光技术长项，与其他载荷手段优化配置，扬长补短，展望了星载激光雷达林业遥感技术和应用的发展趋势、研究热点及其应用拓展。

Forestry observation is an important direction of the development of space-borne LiDAR. So far, foreign space laser remote sensing payloads have been developed. The experimental LiDAR carried by Chinese ZY-3(02) satellite is a big breakthrough in earth observation of space-borne LiDAR in China, and the oncoming multi-beam LiDAR of Chinese CE-1 satellite will be applied to forestry remote sensing. The vertical structure of forest was acquired by ICESAT-1/GLAS waveform, while point cloud of forest was obtained by ICESAT-2/ATLAS photons. The space-borne LiDAR forestry remote sensing gradually entered the practical stage, beyond the experimental stage. During this period, technical system, configuration, and techniques had improved. In this paper, the applications and technique developments of main forestry remote sensing space-borne LiDAR in use were analyzed, and the characteristics and development trend were summarized, based on the study of detection principle, technical system, observation condition, etc. Space-borne forestry observation LiDAR payloads should be designed according to scientific mission, application requirements and technical characteristics, using the advantages of space-borne LiDAR, and based on which the development trend and research focus of space-borne forestry observation technology and application were prospected.