激光破岩技术是利用高能量激光实现地层复杂岩性岩石高效可控破坏的一种新型的钻井技术,在石油、天然气开采以及矿业挖掘方面极具发展潜力。然而,目前关于激光破岩技术的研究还处于室内实验和理论探索阶段,在工业应用之前还存在诸多难点。着眼于激光与岩石相互作用过程涉及的对象,总结了近年来关于影响激光破岩效果的研究成果,分析梳理了激光参数、岩石性质、激光传递介质、工作环境这四方面因素的影响机制,对现存问题和今后的研究方向提出了建议。众多的研究表明,不同类型的影响因素对激光破岩的作用机制不同,且影响因素众多。量化激光破岩多因素影响机制,筛选关键影响因素,协调多因素共同作用,是实现激光高效破岩技术应用的重要课题。

Laser rock drilling technology is a new drilling technology that utilizes the advantages of high-energy laser to achieve high-efficiency and controllable destruction of complex lithologic rock formations. It exhibits great development potential in oil and gas exploitation and mining excavation. However, current research on laser rock drilling technology is based on indoor experiments and theoretical explorations; therefore, many challenges are to be overcome prior to its industrial application. This paper focus on the objects involved in the interaction between laser and rock, and the results on the influencing factors of rock removal by laser are summarized. Furthermore, the influence mechanism of laser parameters, rock properties, laser transfer medium, and the working environment are analyzed. Moreover, certain suggestions aiming at solving the existing problems and indicating future research directions in laser rock drilling technology research are presented. Numerous studies show that numerous different kinds of factors have different mechanisms for rock removal by laser. The quantification of the multi-factor influencing mechanism of rock removal by laser, the screening of the key influencing factors, and the coordination of the multi-factor interaction constitute the important subjects of the laser rock drilling technology applications.