相位屏法仿真海洋湍流激光传输特性有效性 下载: 724次
0 Introduction
In recent years, underwater laser communication system has attracted more and more attentions. Oceanic turbulence is one of the main concerns for research of laser beams propagating through the ocean[1- 2]. Phase screen method is a simple and effective way to simulate the propagation process of complex beams through random medium[3-4]. On one hand, the randomness of each realization could provide good reference for experiments. On the other hand, the statistical property of multiple realizations also testify the theory formulas. Recently, phase screen method has been used to simulate oceanic turbulence[5-6]. Since oceanic turbulence has more influence factors and usually much stronger than atmospheric turbulence, it is necessary to discuss the principle of parameter settings for oceanic turbulence simulated by phase screen method and compare the results calculated by theoretical formula and numerical simulation to confirm the accuracy.
In this paper, the equation of beam spreading, beam wander and scintillation of Gaussian beam propagating through oceanic turbulence are derived follow the theory of beam propagation through random media[7]. According to the phase screen method used for atmospheric turbulence simulation, the rule of parameter setting for phase screen method used for oceanic turbulence simulation are given. At last, the theoretical computation results and simulation results for statistical property of Gaussian beam propagating through oceanic turbulence are compared and results testify the validity range of phase screen simulated oceanic turbulence.
1 Theory of propagation characteristics
The spatial power spectrum of the refractive-index fluctuations for the oceanic turbulence can be described as[8]
Here,
Ref.[5] introduces the basic expressions of Gaussian beam propagate through random media. The long-term spot radius
Here,
Large-scale filter function HLS is
The on-axis scintillation of Gaussian beam through turbulence is
Following the approach derived in Ref.[7], Λ0 and Θ0 are defined to characterize the unperturbed beams in terms of the initial phase front radii of curvature F0 and spot size w0:
Collimated Gaussian beam with
Since oceanic turbulence could achieve strong fluctuation in a short distance, the theory formula should apply to from weak to strong fluctuation conditions. The method of effective beam parameters maybe used to extend these following formulas into the strong regime by replacing Λ and Θ by their effective beam parameters
Substituting Eq.(1) into Eq.(2)−(6), the long-exposure beam radius
2 Phase screen method for oceanic turbulence
2.1 Introduction of phase screen method
The principle of phase screen method [7]is considering the beam propagate through vacuum and phase screens along the transmission path alternately as shown in
Here,
Here,
2.2 Principle of parameter setting
The parameter of phase screen mainly include the grid size
Here,
Meanwhile, the description of beam should also be considered. For Gaussian beam, the beam width
The number of phase screen along the path is decided by the turbulence strength. According to Ref.[12], the fluctuation between two phase screens should be small enough and meet the requirements of Rytov variance
Rytov variance
The example of parameter settings is as follows:
(1) Consider about the strongest turbulence condition as an example, L=50 m,
(2) Use Eq.(15) to calculate the phase screen number, and the distance between adjacent phase screens are should meet
2.3 Statistical properties calculation formula
Assuming that the long exposure intensity distribution is Gaussian, the statistical properties calculation could be expressed as [7]. Long exposure beam footprint radius:
Standard deviation of the fluctuation of the instantaneous center of the beam:
On-axis scintillation index:
Here, < > represents the average and
3 Comparison of results and analysis
The following values of parameters are used in the calculations unless the statement of other values: wavelength
The results presented in
图 2.
Fig. 2. Propagation characteristics versus different propagation distance, (a) long-exposure beam radius W LE, (b) beam centroid displacement
, (c) on-axis scintillation index
图 3.
Fig. 3. Propagation characteristics versus different
,(a) long-exposure beam radius W LE, (b) beam centroid displacement
, (c) on-axis scintillation index
图 4.
Fig. 4. Propagation characteristics versus different
,(a) long-exposure beam radius W LE, (b) beam centroid displacement
, (c) on-axis scintillation index
图 5.
Fig. 5. Propagation characteristics versus different
, (a) long-exposure beam radius W LE , (b) beam centroid displacement
, (c) on-axis scintillation index
Similar to the results in
4 Conclusions
In this paper, the analytical formulas of beam spreading, beam wander and scintillation of Gaussian beam through oceanic turbulence are derived. The principle of parameter setting for phase screen simulated oceanic turbulence is mainly discussed and the steps are given in Sec.2.2. Furthermore, the comparison of the simulation results and theory calculation under different parameter settings and different turbulence conditions are shown in figures.
Results show that beam spreading and beam wander characteristics simulated by phase screen method are in good accordance with the theory formula under different turbulence conditions while the scintillation index has large deviation under strong fluctuation turbulence conditions. In summary, based on appropriate parameter setting, phase screen method can be a simple and effective way to calculate the statistical characteristics depend on the first moment of intensity, such as beam spreading and beam wander. The statistical characteristics depend on the second moment of intensity calculated by numerical simulation achieve good correspondence with theory in weak fluctuation regime and big mismatch in strong fluctuation regime, which should be further researched in the future.
[7] rews L, Phillips R. Laser Beam Propagation Through Rom Media[M]. Bellingham: SPIE Press, 2005.
[13] Lu Lu. Influence of oceanic turbulence on propagation of laser beams[D]. Hefei:University of Science Technology of China, 2016: 5256.(in Chinese)
[14] Flatte S M, Wang G Y, Martin J. Irradiance variance of optical waves through atmospheric turbulence by numerical simulation and comparison with experiment[J]. JOSA A, 1993, 10(10): 2363-2370.
Article Outline
牛超君, 王晓斌, 卢芳, 韩香娥. 相位屏法仿真海洋湍流激光传输特性有效性[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2020, 49(7): 20190452. Chaojun Niu, Xiaobin Wang, Fang Lu, Xiang’e Han. Validity of beam propagation characteristics through oceanic turbulence simulated by phase screen method[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2020, 49(7): 20190452.