High Power Laser Science and Engineering, 2019, 7 (3): 03000e50, Published Online: Aug. 26, 2019   

High-repetition-rate ( kHz) targets and optics from liquid microjets for high-intensity laser–plasma interactions

Author Affiliations
1 Innovative Scientific Solutions, Inc., Dayton, Ohio 45459, USA
2 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
3 Computer Science Program and Applied Physics Program, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, California 93012, USA
4 National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, DC 20001, USA
5 Air Force Research Laboratory, WPAFB, Ohio 45433, USA
6 Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
7 Department of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Miami University, Hamilton, Ohio 45011, USA
8 Center for Ultrafast Optical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
9 Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., Plain City, Ohio 43064, USA
Abstract
High-intensity laser–plasma interactions produce a wide array of energetic particles and beams with promising applications. Unfortunately, the high repetition rate and high average power requirements for many applications are not satisfied by the lasers, optics, targets, and diagnostics currently employed. Here, we aim to address the need for high-repetition-rate targets and optics through the use of liquids. A novel nozzle assembly is used to generate high-velocity, laminar-flowing liquid microjets which are compatible with a low-vacuum environment, generate little to no debris, and exhibit precise positional and dimensional tolerances. Jets, droplets, submicron-thick sheets, and other exotic configurations are characterized with pump–probe shadowgraphy to evaluate their use as targets. To demonstrate a high-repetition-rate, consumable, liquid optical element, we present a plasma mirror created by a submicron-thick liquid sheet. This plasma mirror provides etalon-like anti-reflection properties in the low field of 0.1% and high reflectivity as a plasma, 69%, at a repetition rate of 1 kHz. Practical considerations of fluid compatibility, in-vacuum operation, and estimates of maximum repetition rate are addressed. The targets and optics presented here demonstrate a potential technique for enabling the operation of laser–plasma interactions at high repetition rates.

K. M. George, J. T. Morrison, S. Feister, G. K. Ngirmang, J. R. Smith, A. J. Klim, J. Snyder, D. Austin, W. Erbsen, K. D. Frische, J. Nees, C. Orban, E. A. Chowdhury, W. M. Roquemore. High-repetition-rate ( kHz) targets and optics from liquid microjets for high-intensity laser–plasma interactions[J]. High Power Laser Science and Engineering, 2019, 7(3): 03000e50.

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