以太阳能多孔吸热器等热利用系统为研究背景, 针对多孔层表面的红外测温问题, 基于反向蒙特卡罗法建立了三维非等温各向异性散射多孔层的红外测温模型, 讨论了散射类型、多孔层厚度、基材发射率、孔隙率、孔径等物理性质和结构参数对红外测温误差的影响, 提出了一种多孔层表面温度的反向计算方法。结果表明, 将红外温度的实验测量值视作多孔表面温度会导致一定误差; 后向散射可削弱高温背景辐射, 从而减小探测温度较高时的误差, 但增大了探测温度较低时的误差; 高孔隙率(大于0.93)会造成测温误差迅速增大; 测温误差小于2%时的参数范围如下：多孔层厚度为14~27 mm, 基材发射率为0.33~0.81, 孔隙率为0.86~0.93, 孔径为1.5~2.8 mm。

In the application of solar porous receivers, a numerical 3D model for infrared temperature measurement of non-isothermal porous layer with anisotropic scattering is developed based on the reverse Monte Carlo method. The effects of scattering event, layer thickness, material emissivity, porosity and pore diameter on the measurement error are investigated. A procedure to calculate the surface temperature of porous materials is proposed. The results show that a notable error occurs between the detected temperature from the infrared camera and the surface temperature of porous materials. Backward scattering weakens the effect of background radiation, which brings smaller error at high temperatures and larger error at low temperatures. The measurement error increases rapidly with a high porosity (higher than 0.93). The parameters with measurement error less than 2% are as follows: the porous layer thickness is 14-27 mm, the material emissivity is 0.33-0.81, the porosity is 0.86-0.93 and the pore diameter is 1.5-2.8 mm.