飞秒激光加工与普通激光加工相比熔化区更小,热影响区几乎可忽略不计,同时其加工引起的冲击波及裂纹在通常条件下几乎不可见,因而被广泛应用于精密加工、生物体组织加工、特殊材料加工等方面,具有良好的发展前景。阐述了飞秒激光加工的机理,介绍了近年来国内外飞秒激光加工超硬材料的方法及应用研究成果,重点总结了近几年利用飞秒激光对超硬材料刀具进行加工和处理的方法,探讨了现阶段飞秒激光技术在超硬材料加工领域面临的问题、挑战及解决途径。

Compared with the conventional laser processing, femtosecond laser processing exhibits a smaller melting zone and a negligible heat-affected zone. In addition, the shock waves and cracks caused by femtosecond laser processing are almost invisible under normal conditions. Therefore, the usage of femtosecond laser has already been extensively adopted in precision manufacturing, organism processing, special material processing, and other fields and exhibits promising prospects for future development. Herein, the processing of ultrahard material using the femtosecond laser technology is reviewed with respect to its mechanisms, methods, and applications at home and aboard in recent years. Machining and processing methods for ultrahard material tools are also introduced and evaluated using the recently developed femtosecond laser techniques. Finally, the potential problems and future prospects associated with the femtosecond laser technology applications in ultrahard material machining are discussed.