为了进一步定量分析激光对生物组织的物理剂量问题，为医疗、**等领域的相关研究提供理论依据，需要对生物组织光学特性参数进行准确的测量。为此，系统地综述了目前国内外测定生物组织光学特性参数的主流技术和方法，总结了各个方法的适用范围并将相关方法的优势与缺点进行了横向和纵向的对比分析。回顾了大多数仿真及实验的理论基础，同时对该领域的最新研究成果及应用进行了总结，便于研究者快速准确地追踪前沿。最后总结了目前该领域研究中所面临的主要问题并对今后的发展方向做出了一定的展望。

In order to further quantitatively analyze the physical dose of laser to biological tissue， and to provide theoretical basis for related research in medical， military， and many other fields， it is necessary to accurately measure the optical characteristic parameters of biological tissue. This paper systematically summarizes the mainstream techniques and methods for measuring the optical parameters of biological tissues at home and abroad， summarizes the applicable scope of each method and compares the advantages and disadvantages of related methods horizontally and vertically. It reviews the theoretical basis of most simulations and experiments， and also summarizes the latest research results and applications in this field， which is convenient for readers to track the frontier quickly and accurately. Finally， it summarizes some major problems currently facing in this field research and makes a certain prospect for the future development direction.