测量设备无关量子密钥分配系统能够抵御任何针对单光子探测器侧信道的攻击。为了进一步优化多方测量设备无关量子密钥分配协议，对基于W态的多方测量设备无关量子密钥分配协议进行了研究，并引入探测器品质因子（暗记数Y0与探测器探测效率ηd的比值）作为模拟参量，模拟分析了误码率和密钥生成率的影响因素。仿真结果表明：在信道传输损耗、光纤信道之间的距离和探测器品质因子三个变量中，任意一个变量的增大都会使得误码率增大，密钥生成率减小。

The measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) system can resist any attacks on the side channel of the single-photon detector. In order to further optimize the multi-party MDI-QKD protocol, this paper investigates the multi-party MDI-QKD protocol based on W states, and introduces the detector quality factor (ratio of dark count Y0 to detection efficiency ηd) as an analog parameter to simulate and analyze the factors influencing bit error rate and key generation rate. The simulation results show that the increase of any one among the three variables of channel-transmission loss, fiber-channel distance and detector quality factor enhances the bit error rate and reduces the key generation rate.