激光增材制造技术是当今世界科技强国竞相发展的一项关键核心技术,为航空航天等领域高性能金属构件的设计与制造开辟了新的工艺技术途径。航空航天金属构件兼具轻量化、难加工、高性能等特征,对激光增材制造的材料设计、结构优化、工艺调控及性能和应用评价等均提出了严峻挑战。针对航空航天领域三类典型应用材料(即铝、钛、镍基合金及其金属基复合材料)、四类典型结构(大型金属结构、复杂整体结构、轻量化点阵结构、多功能仿生结构等),阐述了近年来国内外在面向激光增材制造的新材料制备、新结构设计、增材制造形性调控、高性能/多功能构件制造及航空航天应用等方面的研究进展,提出了高性能金属构件激光增材制造的宏/微观跨尺度形性协调机制,并就激光增材制造技术在材料-结构-工艺-性能一体化方向的研究及发展作一点思考与展望。

Laser-additive manufacturing technology is a rapidly developing key technology for the today's developed countries and pave a new technological way for the design and manufacture of high-performance metallic aerospace components. Metallic aerospace components have the characteristics of lightweight, difficult-to-process and high-performance, which poses significant challenges to the material design, structural optimization, process control, performance, and application evaluation of laser additive manufacturing. In this study, three categories of metallic materials typically applied in aerospace fields (i.e., Al-, Ti-, and Ni-based alloys and their metal matrix composites) and four kinds of typical structures (i.e., large-scale metal structure, complex integrated structure, lightweight lattice structure, and multi-functional bionic structure) are introduced. The recent research progress of laser additive manufacturing, both at home and abroad, in terms of new material preparation, new structure design, structure and performance control of laser additive manufacturing, high-performance/multi-functional components manufacturing, and aerospace applications, is presented. The coordination mechanisms of macro/micro cross-scale structure and performance control in laser additive manufacturing of high-performance metallic components are proposed. Furthermore, future research and development strategies of laser additive manufacturing technology in the direction of material-structure-process-performance integration are suggested.