[1] Chu X B,Guan M,Zhang Y,et al.ITO-free and air stable organic light-emitting diodes using MoO3:PTCDA modified Al as semitransparent anode[J].RSC Adv.,2013,3:9509-9513.

[2] Guan M,Li L S,Cao G H,et al.Organic light-emitting diodes with integrated inorganic photo detector for near-infrared optical up-conversion[J].Org.Electron.,2011,12(12):2090-2094.

[3] Chu X B,Guan M,Li L S,et al.Improved efficiency of organic/inorganic hybrid near-infrared light upconverter by device optimization[J].ACS Appl.Mater.Interf.,2012,4:4976-4980.

[4] Li Y H,Wu C L,Yang J L,et al.Simulation calculation and preparation of top emitting OLEDs with transparent anode of MoO3/Ag/MoO3[J].Chin.J.Lumin.(发光学报),2015,36(4):459-465 (in Chinese).

[5] Wang L,Wu X M,Hua Y L,et al.Improvement of performance of a blue organic light-emitting diode by inserting charge control layers[J].Chin.J.Lumin.(发光学报),2014,35(1):84-89 (in Chinese).

[6] Prache O.Active matrix molecular OLED microdisplays[J].Displays,2001,22:49-56.

[7] Chen J,Wang Q S.Recent progress of infrared upconversion device based on the integration of OLED[J].Chin.Opt.(中国光学),2015,8(1):17-27 (in Chinese).

[8] You H,Dai Y F,Zhang Z Q,et al.Improved performances of organic light-emitting diodes with metal oxide as anode buffer[J].J.Appl.Phys.,2007,101:026105-1-5.

[9] Wang F X,Qiao X F,Xiong T,et al.The role of molybdenum oxide as anode interfacial modification in the improvement of efficiency and stability in organic light-emitting diodes[J].Org.Electron.,2008,9:985-993.

[10] Gao C H,Zhu X Z,Zhang L,et al.Comparative studies on the inorganic and organic p-type dopants in organic light-emitting diodes with enhanced hole injection[J].Appl.Phys.Lett.,2013,102(15):153301-1-3.

[11] Niu L T,Guan M,Chu X B,et al.Overshoot effect and inflexion characteristics in transient electroluminescence of hybrid phosphorescent OLEDs[J].J.Phys.D: Appl.Phys.,2015,48(5):055103-1-5.

[12] Kwok H L.Modeling negative capacitance effect in organic polymers[J].Solid-State Electron.,2003,47:1089-1093.

[13] Okumoto H,Tsutsui T.A source of negative capacitance in organic electronic devices observed by impedance spectroscopy: Self-heating effects[J].Appl.Phys.Express,2014,7(6):061601-1-4.

[14] Pingree L S C,Scott B J,Russell M T,et al.Negative capacitance in organic light-emitting diodes[J].Appl.Phys.Lett.,2005,86(7):073509-1-3.

[15] Mamada M,Ergun S,Pérez-Boliívar C,et al.Charge transport,carrier balance,and blue electrophosphorescence in diphenyl ［4-(triphenylsilyl)phenyl］ phosphine oxide devices[J].Appl.Phys.Lett.,2001,98(7):073305-1-3.

[16] Matsushima T,Kinoshita Y,Murata H.Formation of Ohmic hole injection by inserting an ultrathin layer of molybdenum trioxide between indium tin oxide and organic hole-transporting layers[J].Appl.Phys.Lett.,2007,91(25):253504-1-3.

[17] Matsushima T,Murata H.Observation of space-charge-limited current due to charge generation at interface of molybdenum dioxide and organic layer[J].Appl.Phys.Lett.,2009,95(20):203306-1-3.

[18] Smith R,Rose A.Space-charge-limited currents in single crystals of cadmium sulfide[J].Phys.Rev.,1955,97:1531-1537.

[19] Lampert M.Simplified theory of space-charge-limited currents in an insulator with traps[J].Phys.Rev.,1956,103:1648-1656.

[20] Lin M T,Li M,Chen W H,et al.Transient electroluminescence determination of carrier mobility and charge trapping effects in heavily doped phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes[J].Solid-State Electron.,2011,56:196-200.

[21] Moon D G,Pode R B,Lee C J,et al.Transient electrophosphorescence in red top-emitting organic light-emitting devices[J].Appl.Phys.Lett.,2004,85(20):4771-4773.

[22] Mu H,Reddy I,Hunt J,et al.Electron mobility characterization in OLEDs from AC small signal optical modulation[J].J.Phys.D: Appl.Phys.,2010,43(19):195103-1-5.

[23] Teramura A,Nakano Y,Sakuma Y,et al.Markedly different rise and fall times in transient electroluminescence of 4,4′-N,N′-dicarbazolylbiphenyl:fac-tris(2-phenylpyridinate) iridium(Ⅲ)-based organic light emitting diodes[J].Jpn.J.Appl.Phys.,2009,48(11):111505-1-5.

[24] Xie Z Y,Wong T C,Hung L S,et al.Transient electroluminescence of organic quantum-well light-emitting diodes[J].Appl.Phys.Lett.,2002,80(9):1477-1479.