不同于传统的像素阵列化相机,单像素成像,作为一种新型的计算成像技术,通过使用不具有空间分辨能力的桶探测器,探测出被目标物体反射或透射的光强度,并将该强度与经过掩模图案调制的具有特定空间分布的结构光强度作关联运算,最终重构出清晰的物体图像。相比多像素化相机,单像素成像具有成本廉价、可在特殊波段成像等优点,在科研界引起了广泛的关注。本文分析了不同采样方式下单像素成像的信噪比大小,阐述了单像素成像在特殊波段成像以及原子、中子成像的实验研究。最后针对单像素成像在成像时间上的劣势,讨论了超快成像,超快成像有望克服成像时间长的难题。

Different from traditional pixel array cameras, single-pixel imaging, as a new type of computational imaging technology, uses bucket detector without spatial resolution to detect light intensity reflected or transmitted by the target object, this intensity is calculated correlatively to the structured light intensity with specific spatial distribution modulated by mask patterns, and finally a clear object image is reconstructed. Single-pixel imaging has attracted widespread attention in scientific research circles because of its low cost and the ability to image in special wavebands. This article mainly discusses the signal-to-noise ratio of single-pixel imaging in different sampling methods, and describes imaging in special wavebands and experimental research of atomic and neutron imaging. Finally, in view of the disadvantages of single-pixel imaging in imaging time, ultra-fast imaging is discussed and expected to overcome the problem of long imaging time.