拉曼技术具有非侵入、分子指纹、不受水干扰、制样简单、光谱分辨率高等优点，在很多领域都是一种广受欢迎的研究工具。尤其在生物医学领域，拉曼技术不仅可以本征地捕捉正常生理或病理所携带的不同化学信息，而且该技术适用于检测各种常见的生物和临床样品（包括细胞、组织、体液和微生物等），目前很多课题组的研究结果都表明拉曼技术在生物医学领域具有巨大的应用前景。本文首先介绍自发拉曼散射和表面增强拉曼散射的基本工作机理，接着介绍分析处理拉曼数据（光谱和图像）的步骤和算法，然后简单总结了近年来非相干拉曼显微技术在生物医学上的研究成果，最后指出拉曼技术目前面临的挑战并展望了其未来可能的发展方向。

Raman spectroscopy has the advantages of being noninvasive, fingerprint free, water background free, simple sampling preparation, and high spectral resolution; therefore, it has become a popular analytical technique in many research fields. In particular, the Raman spectroscopy can intrinsically capture biochemical information related to normal physiology or abnormal pathology in biomedicine. Additionally, various biological and clinical samples, such as cells, tissues, body fluids, and microbiology can be easily studied using the Raman spectroscopy without complex sample preparation. Thus far, the Raman spectroscopy has shown its high potential for biomedical applications. This review mainly includes an introduction to the basic mechanisms of spontaneous Raman and surface-enhanced Raman scatterings, followed by a description of the analysis procedures and algorithms for obtaining Raman data (spectral and imaging). Further, a brief summary of the applications of noncoherent Raman microscopy in biomedicine in recent years is presented, and its current challenges and future directions are discussed.