为了探究碧凤蝶鳞片的光学特性及其形成机理,通过填充酒精溶液与改变入射角度的方式开展了碧凤蝶鳞片的变色实验,对前后翅鳞片的微观结构形态进行了观测与分析。构建了结构色鳞片的仿生结构模型,并结合传输矩阵法模拟鳞片膜系结构的反射光谱特性。碧凤蝶翅膀边缘黄绿色与青色区域表面均由下层蜂窝状网格陷光结构的黑褐色基鳞与上层褶皱凹坑状膜系结构的彩色鳞片构成。彩色鳞片由表面微凹坑底部与侧壁的2种结构色混合而成,且受天然光子晶体膜系结构及其精细尺寸的影响,对有机溶液、光照条件等具有敏感性变色特征。碧凤蝶鳞片具有的独特光学特性可为自适应变色伪装、传感检测等仿生智能材料领域提供一定的参考。

To explore the optical characteristics and formation mechanism of Achillidesbianor Cramer scales, the discoloration experiment of butterfly scales is carried out by filling alcohol solution and changing the incident angle. The microstructures of the forewing and hindwing scales are observed and analyzed in this paper. The bionic structure model of the scales with structure color is constructed, and the reflection spectrum characteristics of the scales film structure are simulated by using the transfer matrix method. The surfaces of the yellow-green and cyan areas on the edge of the scales of the Achillidesbianor Cramer are composed of the dark-brown base scales of the lower honeycomb grid light-trapping structure and the colored scales of the upper fold and pit-like film structure. The colored scales are formed by mixing 2 structural colors at the bottom of the surface micro-pits and the side walls, and it is sensitive to organic solution and light conditions due to the influence of the structure of natural photonic crystal film and its fine size. The unique optical characteristics of the Achillidesbianor Cramer scales can provide some reference for the field of bionic intelligent materials, such as adaptive color changing camouflage, sensor detection and so on.