光片显微镜由于具有强大的光学层切能力、较快的成像速度和较低的光损伤，成为三维成像的重要工具。光片显微镜通常利用两个垂直放置的物镜分别进行照明和成像，这带来了对样品的空间限制并禁用了高数值孔径的成像物镜。以倾斜平面照明和微镜微器件反射技术为代表的单物镜光片显微技术突破上述限制，展示出在高分辨率和体积高速成像方面的优势，并且可与超分辨显微术等多种技术结合，在近年来取得了巨大发展。介绍单物镜光片显微成像技术的原理、关键性能的提升和其在生物医学的应用。

Light sheet microscope is an important tool for three-dimensional imaging owing to its powerful optical section capability, fast imaging speed, and low phototoxicity. This microscope typically uses two objectives that are placed perpendicular to each other for illumination and imaging; however, this structure imposes spatial constraints and prohibits the use of an imaging objective with high numerical aperture. These limitations were resolved using single-objective light sheet microscopy techniques, such as oblique plane illumination and micromirror microdevice reflection, demonstrating potential for high-resolution and volumetrically high-speed imaging. Furthermore, these techniques can be combined with various other techniques, such as super-resolution microscopy, which has made great progress in recent years. This review article introduces the principles, key performance enhancements, and biomedical applications of single-objective light sheet microscopy.