[1] J. M. Cross, C. L. Smith, “Thermo graphic imaging of subcutaneous vascular network of the back of the hand for biometric identification,” in Proceedings of IEEE 29th International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology, Sanderstead, Surrey, England, p. 20 (1995).

[2] S. K. Im, H. M. Park, S.W. Kim, C. K. Chung, H. S. Choi, “Improved vein pattern extracting algorithm and its implementation,” in IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics — Digest of Technical Papers, Los Angeles, USA, p. 2 (2000).

[3] C. L. Lin, K. C. Fan, “Biometric verification using thermal images of palm dorsa vein patterns,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 14, 199–213 (2004).

[4] Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd., “Fujitsu Laboratories develops technology for world’s first contactless palm vein pattern biometric authentication system,”http:// pr.fujitsu.com/en/news/2003/03/31.html, March 31 (2003).

[5] L. Wang, G. Leedham, D. S.-Y. Cho, “Minutiae feature analysis for infrared hand vein pattern biometrics,” Pattern Recognit. 41, 920–929 (2008).

[6] S. K. Im, H. M. Park, Y. W. Kim, S. C. Han, S. W. Kim, C. H. Hang, “An biometric identification system by extracting hand vein patterns,” J. Korean Phys. Soc. 38, 268–272 (2001).

[7] Y. Wang, T. Liu, J. Jiang, “A multi-resolution wavelet algorithm for hand vein pattern recognition,” Chin. Opt. Lett. 6, 657–660 (2008).

[8] S. Fantini, M. A. Franceschini, “Frequency-domain techniques for tissue spectroscopy and imaging,” Chap. 7 in Handbook of Optical Biomedical Diagnostics, V. V. Tuchin, Ed., pp. 405–444, SPIE Press, Bellingham, WA (2002).

[9] L. Hong, Y. Wan, A. Jain, “Fingerprint image enhancement: Algorithm and performance evaluation,” IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 20, 777–789 (1998).