水解制氢是一种常温常压下的现场制氢方式。由于水解制氢材料氢含量高, 储存容易, 运输方便, 安全可靠, 一直受到研究者们的关注。本文综述了近年来水解制氢材料的总体发展情况, 介绍了三类主要的水解制氢材料, 包括硼氢化物(NaBH₄, NH₃·BH₃)、金属(Mg, Al)以及金属氢化物(MgH₂), 对不同材料的制氢原理、主要问题、催化剂与材料设计进行了详细介绍, 比较了不同体系的特点与制氢成本, 并对水解制氢及水解制氢材料的现状和商业化面临的困难做了评价, 最后对未来的发展方向进行了展望。

Hydrolysis is a unique method for hydrogen generation at ambient condition. Widespread attentions have been paid to materials for hydrogen generation via hydrolysis due to several advantages: high theoretical hydrogen capacity, moderate storage and operation condition, safety, etc. In this paper, recent progress and development in this area were reviewed. Three types of materials including borohydride (NaBH₄, NH₃·BH₃), metal (Mg, Al), and metal hydride (MgH₂) were introduced. Several issues about them were discussed specifically: mechanism, main problems, designments of catalysts and materials, etc. Based on these discussions, we compared the different materials mentioned above, commented their current performances and practical difficulties. At last, prospects in this field were presented.