采用溶胶-水热法合成了具有单一钙钛矿结构的PZT反铁电陶瓷粉体。根据课题组前期的实验结果，选取的水热反应温度为180 ℃，水热反应时间为24 h，矿化剂KOH的浓度为3 mol/L，探讨了Pb的过量值对合成PZT陶瓷粉体的影响。实验发现，Pb的过量值过低，不足以补偿反应过程中Pb的损失量，A位的Pb缺失易导致PZT粉体结晶度的下降，颗粒结晶不完整。随着Pb过量值的增加，颗粒结晶增强，结晶也越完整。当Pb过量增加到10%时，实验获得了结晶良好的PZT粉体。因此，本实验Pb的最佳过量值为10%。

PZT antiferroelectric ceramic powder with single perovskite structure was synthesized by sol-hydrothermal method. According to the test results of the research group in the early stage, the hydrothermal reaction temperature was selected as 180 ℃, the hydrothermal reaction time as 24 h, and the concentration of mineralizer KOH as 3 mol/L. The effects of the excessive value of Pb on the synthesis of PZT ceramic powder were discussed. It is found that the excessive value of Pb is too low to compensate for the loss of Pb in the reaction process. The loss of Pb at A position is easily lead to the decrease of the crystallinity of PZT powder and the incomplete crystallization of particles. With the increasing of Pb excessive value, the particle crystallization is enhanced and the crystallization is more complete. When the content of Pb increases to 10%, PZT powder with good crystallinity is obtained. Therefore, the best excessive value of Pb in this experiment is determined as 10%.