以工程环境中远距离位移和位移场的光学测量为研究课题,分析了远距离斜光轴成像时,像模糊和成像位置变化对白光数字散斑相关方法产生的影响,给出了这两种影响的误差理论计算公式。提出使用参考测量技术克服斜光轴成像位置变化带来影响,给出一种新的远距离斜光轴高精度测量面内位移的方法,在2～50m处作静载挠度测量,其最大相对误差小于1%,测量精度在实验室环境和工程测量环境中都得到了验证。该方法无需共轴光路的测量环境要求,特别适用于桥梁、高速公路立交桥的静载挠度测量等工程应用。使用高速图像采集卡,该方法可应用于斜光轴动态位移测量,拓展了数字散斑相关方法的应用范围。

To resolve the long-range displacement and displacement field measurement by using optical method in engineering environment, the influence of image blurring and image position's change on white light digital speckle correlation method are investigated in the case of slant optical axis, and theoretical formula of the error was given. To weaken the influence of image position's change, the reference measurement technology was introduced and a new high-resolution method of measuring in-plane displacement measurement in the case of slant optical axis was given. The static flexibility measurement of object at distance of 2～50 m is accomplished with the maximal relative error of 1.0%, the technology has a better accuracy both in laboratory environment and engineering environment. It demands no circumstance requirements in common optical axis and is especially effective in flexibility measurement of bridge and cloverleaf junction. It also fits for dynamic displacement measurement when a high-speed image card was used. This technology expands digital speckle correlation method's application field.