为了满足当前日益增长的通信容量需求，新型多载波光纤通信技术成为科研人员关注的焦点。文章回顾了近20年来传统正交频分复用（OFDM）在光纤通信领域的发展历程，梳理了近年来滤波器组多载波（FBMC）和通用滤波多载波（UFMC）在光纤通信领域的相关研究。自2016年以来，针对光通信中OFDM存在的问题，如：带外泄漏高、依赖循环前缀（CP），峰均功率比（PAPR）值过高和系统同步要求高等，国内外众多学者以新型多载波为突破口展开了研究。FBMC光通信具有旁瓣功率最低和频谱利用率高等特点，但是由于使用了偏移正交幅度调制（OQAM），对应的数字信号处理（DSP）算法需要针对虚部干扰重新设计。UFMC光通信具备强大的时间同步偏差容忍性，对频率偏移不敏感，可以复用OFDM的DSP算法，但也存在如何进一步抑制带外功率和降低计算复杂度等问题。最后，文章结合当前的研究现状，对下一代光纤通信系统的诉求提出了研究方向和建议。

To meet the growing demand for communication capacity, new multi-carrier fiber optical communication technology has become the focus of scientific researchers' attention. The paper reviews the development of traditional Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) in the field of fiber optical communication over the past 20 years and summarizes relevant research on Filter Bank Multi Carrier (FBMC) and Universal Filter Multi Carrier (UFMC) in recent years. Since 2016, scholars worldwide have been addressing the drawbacks of OFDM in optical communication, such as high out-of-band leakage, reliance on Cyclic Prefixes (CP), high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) values, and stringent system synchronization requirements. They have initiated research using new multi-carrier systems as a breakthrough point. FBMC optical communication is characterized by minimal sidelobe power and high spectral efficiency, but due to the use of Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (OQAM), the corresponding Digital Signal Processing (DSP) algorithm needs to be redesigned for virtual part interference. UFMC optical communication has a strong tolerance for time synchronization deviation, and it is less sensitive to frequency offsets. Moreover, it can reuse the DSP algorithms of OFDM. However, challenges remain in further suppressing out-of-band power and reducing computational complexity. Finally, based on the current research status, the paper proposes research directions and suggestions for advancing the next-generation fiber optical communication system.